Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries

Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals



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Title
ODI - Community-based approaches and service delivery: Issues and options in difficult environments and partnerships

Abstract
This background paper was prepared for DFID Sudan Desk starting in Dec 2004. The paper focuses on the relationship between community-based approaches and service delivery. It draws together general lessons from international experience of relevance to ongoing discussions in Sudan. Specifically it analyses the different objectives underlying community-based approaches and service delivery in different settings and the challenges associated with linking these objectives in the context of highly aid dependent post-conflict environments. The paper focuses primarily on provision of basic services i.e. primary healthcare, primary education and water supply and sanitation but with examples drawn particularly from the health and water and sanitation.

The focus of the paper is on the general operational challenges of programming development assistance and implementing activities in fragile states or difficult environments.

Section 1 sets out issues around terminology and objectives associated with fragile states, community-based approaches and service delivery.

Section 2 goes on to explore the challenges and options for the use of community based approaches and the factors that determine the potential and limits of CBA.

Section 3 focuses on the nature of the aid relationship. The hypothesis underlying this is that because aid is often so significant in such situations, how these resources are supplied has an impact on the likely success in service delivery or usefulness of CBA.


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